These are the producer documents, technical guidance and recorded sources behind the data on this site. Linking to a source does not certify any supplier, and it does not mean the data has been independently confirmed.
Hydro • 6061 extrusions
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Older recorded source: see the linked grade or product page for the data it supports and any limits on access.
Hydro • 6063 extrusions
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Hydro • 6082 extrusions
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Hydro • 6101 electrical extrusions
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Kaiser • 6061 sheet, coil and plate
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser • 5052 tube and pipe
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Kaiser • 2024 sheet, coil and plate
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Hydro alloy library
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser product library
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Aluminum Association • Yellow Sheets
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European Aluminium • Recycling
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Constellium • Aircraft
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Constellium • Automotive
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Novelis • Aluminium solutions
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Alcoa • Products
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ASTM • B209/B209M-21 scope
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ASTM • Wrought products committee
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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ESAB • Alloy and temper designation
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Hydro 1xxx extrusion data
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Hydro 6005A extrusion data
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Hydro 6262 machining extrusion data
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Kaiser 7075 rod and bar
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser 7050 sheet, coil and plate
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser 2219 sheet, coil and plate
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser 3003 tube and pipe
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kaiser 2011 rod and bar
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Kaiser 2014 rod and bar
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Kaiser 2017 rod and bar
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Aalco 5083 sheet reference
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Older recorded source: see the linked grade or product page for the data it supports and any limits on access.
Aalco 5251 sheet reference
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Aalco 5454 sheet reference
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Aalco 5754 sheet reference
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Aalco 3103 H14 sheet reference
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Older recorded source: see the linked grade or product page for the data it supports and any limits on access.
Aalco 4015 H14 sheet reference
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Hydro • EN AW-6060 extruded products
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Fairview • VitraPlate 5005-H34
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Older recorded source: see the linked grade or product page for the data it supports and any limits on access.
Hulamin • 3004 rolled products
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Gränges • Rolled products for brazed heat exchangers
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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ASM Alloy Digest • Rio Tinto A356.2 public abstract, including A356.0 discussion
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Hydro • Aluminium life cycle
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Hydro • Trust, transparency and transition
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Aluminum Association • Production and processing
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University of Waterloo • Direct Chill Casting of Aluminum Alloys: Experimental Methods and Design
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Hydro • Aluminum extrusion process
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Hydro • Pipe and tube literature
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Kersten • Five-axis machining
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Hydro • Machining and fabrication
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TWI • Weldability of aluminium alloys
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TWI • What is brazing?
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Aluminum Association • Alloy standards and strengthening overview
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Hydro • Anodizing brochure
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Hydro • Langenuen aluminium girder study: corrosion and maintenance
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Hydro • Precision drawn tubes
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Hydro • Welded tubes
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Hydro • Micro-channel tubes
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Hydro • Inner-grooved tubes
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Hydro • Wide MPE battery cooling profiles
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Hydro • Coated automotive tubes
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Hydro • High voltage aluminium busbars
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Hydro • Wire rod for cable and wire solutions
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Hydro • Extrusion ingots
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Hydro • Sheet ingots
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Hydro • Remelt ingots
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Hydro • Foundry alloys
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Hydro • HyForge forging stock
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Constellium • Industry and Alplan tooling plates
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Novelis • Automotive thermal systems
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Hexcel • Honeycomb portfolio
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Alanod • Interior surfaces brochure
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Alanod • Lighting surfaces brochure
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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item • Aluminium profile technology
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
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Hindalco - Flat rolled products
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Hindalco explains how its sheet and coil are rolled from cast slabs and cast coils.
Product groups cover closure stock, heat-exchanger fin stock, hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled coil and tread or flooring sheet.
Each of these products carries its own surface, fabrication and end-use requirements.
Foil stock comes from rolling ingots and continuously cast coils, which are later rolled to thin gauges.
The flat-rolled range separates fin stock, patterned sheet, cable wrap and lithographic stock.
Limits: The capabilities and certificates described are Hindalco's own and say nothing about Metline. We took no tolerance figures or stock ranges from this source.
Hindalco - Foil and packaging
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The producer lists cold-form blister, blister and strip, flexible packaging, household and lidding foils as separate products.
Battery foil for cathode current collectors and for pouch cells is covered on its own.
Whether the foil needs lamination, printing, lacquering or a particular surface cleanliness depends on its end use.
Limits: This marketing material helps classify products but does not qualify any foil for food, pharmaceutical or battery service. Certification and food-contact claims need evidence for the specific product.
AMAG - AL4 tooling
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
AMAG treats stability of dimensions during later machining as a key factor when choosing tooling plate.
It links an even, recrystallised grain structure to a consistent anodised appearance.
Limits: AL4 is a proprietary product, so its tolerances, inspection methods and performance claims do not apply to plate in general. No general tolerance figure was taken.
Constellium - Closures for packaging
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The data sheet pairs 8011 with wine and spirit closures, 3105 with carbonated and mineral drinks, and 5052 with food and cosmetic cans.
For closure stock it highlights formability, flatness, squareness and surface condition.
Limits: These are examples from Constellium's range, not general approvals for the alloys. Check the latest data sheet and full specification with the producer before buying.
Aludium - Process
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Aludium sets out its route: feedstock preparation, heat treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling and control of final surface and shape.
Anodising quality depends on the right alloy and processing, and anodising can make surface defects easier to see.
For purchasing, it points to flatness, cross-section profile, thickness and width tolerances, and surface condition.
Limits: General statements covering all alloys or tempers do not prove that any specific alloy-temper combination is available. The translated temper wording has errors and should not be treated as a designation standard.
Aludium - Slit coil brochure
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The brochure separates oiled, degreased and pretreated rolled surfaces.
State your surface preparation and fabrication needs when you enquire for slit strip.
Limits: This shows what one supplier could make at the time. It is not a general size limit and does not describe Metline's current availability.
Speira - Industrial applications and consumer goods
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Speira covers aluminium slit strip for electrical uses such as transformers and cables.
Its thermal range has heat-exchanger sheet and strip for vehicles, air conditioning, cooling and heating.
Surface finish and coil format are chosen separately from the alloy.
Limits: Listing an application does not establish conductivity, strength, corrosion behaviour or any assembly approval. We took no design figures from this source.
RUSAL - Urals Foil
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The plant page separates foil from heavier aluminium strip and strap.
Listed end uses include packaging, electrical, building and pharmaceutical work.
Limits: One plant's size range is neither a general limit nor a description of Metline's availability. The source wrongly calls ISO 9001:2015 an environmental standard; it is a quality management standard.
Gautschi Engineering - Product families
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The equipment is grouped by function: melting and holding, casting, and heat treatment.
Casting lines produce rolling slab, extrusion billet, forging stock and foundry ingot.
Heat-treatment furnaces can run in batches or continuously.
Limits: An equipment list does not set safe operating temperatures, heat-treatment cycles or the properties of the delivered material.
Wagstaff - Direct chill casting systems
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Casting billet and casting rolling ingot use different equipment and lead to different products.
Process control and automation aim to repeat the measured casting parameters from one cast to the next.
Dedicated casting routes are described for aerospace alloy feedstock.
Limits: Equipment capability and sample alloys do not approve any finished part or set general limits on size or properties.
UACJ • precision thick plate
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
FP52 and Fus Plate are both 5052-H112. The source treats dimensional accuracy and residual stress apart from mechanical strength.
In the ALQUEEN300 comparison, the aluminium figures are marked typical while the steel figures are minimums.
Limits: Claims for these branded plates are not guarantees for 5052 in general. The comparison does not give the ALQUEEN300 temper.
UACJ • bright sheet
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The supplier separates electrolytic from chemical polishing and offers different tempers for forming.
A85 corresponds to JIS1085-H26, F57S to 5657-H26 and B152S to 5252-H24.
Limits: The tensile table gives no thickness, temperature or minimum/typical basis, so we do not publish those figures. We have not matched the proprietary 257S/JIS5N01 to any Aluminum Association grade.
UACJ • brazing sheet
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The sheet pairs an Al-Si braze layer with an Al-Mn core, with an optional Al-Zn sacrificial layer for corrosion protection.
Choose it by clad ratio, core chemistry, temper and fit with the fins and tubes it will join.
Limits: One maker's range does not set general gauge or cladding limits. We have not assigned a grade chemistry from the generic Al-Si labels.
UACJ • high conductivity busbar materials
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
EC1 relates to 1060 in H18 and O, EC2 to 6101-T6, 763S to 6063-T6 and A50 to 1050-O.
Strength and conductivity are listed side by side; conductivity is not treated as fixed for a whole alloy series.
Limits: The table gives no specimen thickness, temperature or typical/minimum basis, so its figures stay unpublished until the condition is confirmed. The cost comparison is not a current price.
UACJ • aircraft quenched sheet
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The supplier lists 2024 against AMS-QQ-A-250/4, 2024C against /5, 7050 against AMS4050, 7075 against /12 and 7475 against AMS4202.
It covers 1230/2024 clad sheet and keeps supply sizes separate from the alloy designation.
Limits: These approvals are listed by the producer. We have not checked them against current standard editions, and they are not Metline approvals.
Nippon Light Metal • rolled alloy applications
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Battery cases, busbars, semiconductor plate and brazing sheet for heat exchangers are listed as separate product groups.
Brand names point to particular end uses but do not make the material equivalent to an Aluminum Association grade.
Limits: Materials such as R61S, LB series, N532 and TKF7 each need their own specification. We have not guessed equivalents or strengths.
Nippon Light Metal • billet and wire
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Billet is offered in the 1000–7000 series for extrusion, forging and cut lengths, hollow billet included.
Wire rod and drawn wire are used for power lines, metallising, thermal spraying and deoxidising steel.
Limits: Availability by series does not confirm any single grade, temper or size. No strength figures were taken.
Speira • CORIS high-purity aluminium
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
CORIS comes as billet, slab, coil, sheet and wire.
Purity grades are listed apart from custom alloy chemistries and processing requests.
Limits: A purity claim in marketing is neither a registered chemistry nor a batch certificate. No conductivity or thermal figures are given.
Speira • AURA automotive outer panels
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
AURA Base can be 6016 or 6960, AURA Form is 6016 and AURA Gloss is 6016-T4.
Mill or EDT surface texture, conversion coating and lubricant are chosen along with the alloy.
Limits: This is one producer's product family, not a full grade specification. Mechanical ranges and coil shelf-life limits are not given.
Hindalco • primary aluminium
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Billet, remelt ingot, wire rod and primary foundry alloy each feed a different downstream process.
Wire rod goes into conductors and cable; billet goes into extruded sections.
Limits: Certificates the producer holds are not evidence for Metline, and we do not repeat its sustainability claims.
Rio Tinto • primary foundry alloy guide
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The handbook keeps ingot chemistry apart from the properties of cast test pieces and marks its mechanical tables as typical.
Casting method, temper, tensile strength, 0.2% offset yield and elongation gauge length are listed separately, and die-cast values can differ from permanent-mould or sand-cast values.
Limits: The guide dates from April 2019 and does not claim current normative limits. We have not applied A356.2 chemistry to A356.0 without checking the casting registration, and any figure needs a full check of its row and footnotes.
Cast Products
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Alcoa separates plain ingot shapes such as T-bar, sow and standard ingot from further-processed cast products such as billet, slab, foundry alloys and conductor-grade rod.
Powder, high-purity metal and P1020 also appear; each is its own purchasing category and none is another name for finished sheet or extrusion.
Limits: This is a product classification only. It sets no general sizes, availability or alloy property values.
Aluminium for car body inner structure and outer skin
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Speira's rolled products are split between hidden structural parts and visible outer body panels.
Inner parts call for good formability, predictable energy absorption and consistent properties. Outer panels such as bonnets, doors, wings and tailgates also need a clean surface and a good paint finish.
Limits: These priorities come from one producer's range. Its branded products and performance claims do not set requirements for every automotive alloy.
Aluminium solutions for electric vehicle applications
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The range covers electrode foil, cell and module housings, busbars and contact systems, thermal-management material and battery enclosures as separate items.
Electrode foil carries the battery's active material. The source ties flatness, porosity and surface condition to how well the foil coats and processes later.
For contact systems the concern is conductivity and contact resistance, which are qualified differently from the forming and containment duties of a housing.
Limits: This is descriptive application material. Its thickness ranges, charging figures and crash-safety claims are not general guarantees.
Aluminium Rolled Products
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Primary and recycled metal is cast into ingot and then rolled into sheet, strip, coil or plate.
Hot rolling does the heavy reduction. Cold rolling then brings the metal to gauge and strengthens it by cold work, and annealing follows when the final forming condition calls for it.
Finishing options include grinding, brushing, polishing and anodising, with coil coating as a further route.
Limits: This is the producer's general process sequence. We have deliberately not taken its temperatures or capacities as general settings.
AMAG AL4 tooling
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
For its tooling plate, AMAG stresses that dimensions must stay stable after machining.
It attributes even anodising across the plate to a uniform, fully recrystallised structure created during production.
Limits: This is one producer's tooling plate. Its tolerance figures and laser-inspection claims do not apply to other plate and are not claimed by Metline.
Rolling
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
AMAG's rolling operations include surface treatment, heat treatment and alloy development.
It names roll cladding for bright, aerospace and brazing products, a reminder that a rolled product can carry a functional clad layer instead of being one alloy throughout.
Limits: This shows the processes exist. It gives no full cladding specification and no general layer ratio.
Shipbuilding
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Elval covers marine shate and plate, chosen for corrosion resistance, structural strength, ductility, workability and weldability.
It points to high-magnesium alloys for hull construction and links to classification-society approvals for the producer or its processes.
Limits: This confirms only the producer's marine range and that certificate links exist. We did not check whether approvals are valid, which alloys they cover or whether any lot complies, and they are not Metline approvals.
Technology
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The page separates routine tensile, yield, elongation or bend tests from extra tests such as earing, cupping, chemical analysis and corrosion susceptibility.
Checks run through casting, scalping, hot and cold rolling and lacquering, covering chemistry, thickness consistency and coating adhesion or resistance.
Its customer control plans set out how and how often samples are taken, along with dimensional and mechanical requirements.
Limits: This illustrates one producer's quality routine. The tests named are not required for every aluminium product, and standard editions and acceptance limits must be checked separately.
Sheets and Shates - Amorebieta
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The brochure cites a different EN standard for chemistry, for mechanical properties and for dimensional tolerances.
Surface options are mill finish, anodising quality and anodised. A footnote says that, for these products, only the top face is suitable for anodising.
The specifications are stated as correct at the time of printing, so the brochure's age matters when checking what is available now.
Limits: This is an older brochure. We draw no conclusion from it about current certification, sizes or tolerances.
Beverage Packaging
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Novelis treats formable alloys, coatings and process development as linked parts of qualifying beverage packaging.
It mentions laboratory support and a can pilot line, and makes the point that sheet is judged by how it performs in the can-making process.
Limits: This describes one producer's development approach. We do not generalise its recycling percentages, can turnaround times, food-contact compliance or environmental claims.
Our Business Units
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Constellium's aerospace and transport range separates plate, sheet, extrusions and precision sand castings.
Its rolled products cover sheet and coil for cans, closures, foil stock, cosmetics packaging and car body sheet.
On the extrusion side it lists large road and rail sections, crash-management systems and battery enclosures.
Limits: This is a product classification. The sand castings listed are finished parts and do not show that any given foundry ingot grade is suitable.
Avoiding Porosity When Welding Aluminium
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
TWI explains that hydrogen picked up by molten aluminium forms pores if the gas cannot escape before the metal solidifies.
Hydrogen can come from the parent metal, the filler, hydrated oxide, moisture or the shielding atmosphere.
The advice is to clean parent and filler surfaces and keep shielding effective. A solid-state process that does not melt the metal avoids the gas porosity seen in fusion welding.
Moisture or hydrocarbons release hydrogen that dissolves in the weld pool and is trapped as pores on solidification.
Hydrated oxide on the surface, dirty filler, disturbed shielding and wet shielding gas are separate routes for contamination.
Control begins with clean surfaces, properly stored filler and steady shielding. Any change to parameters must be tested within a qualified welding procedure.
Limits: This explains the mechanism and general controls. It is not a qualified welding procedure, an acceptance standard or advice on handling solvents.
Aluminium Automotive Manual — Adhesive bonding
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Design bonded joints to carry load in shear and keep peel and cleavage low, with an overlap large enough to give adequate bonded area.
A lasting bond needs substrate, surface preparation, any lubricant, adhesive and cure to work together. High initial strength does not prove the joint will survive humid service.
Once prepared, surfaces must stay clean and dry and be protected from handling and shop dirt until assembly.
Limits: This is a 2015 teaching manual, not a current adhesive specification or certified design method. Joint sizes and allowable strengths must be proven by testing for the application, and its illustrations are not ours to reuse.
Aluminium Automotive Manual — Mechanical joining
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Clinching needs room for a punch and die on opposite sides, enough flange width and adequate spacing between joints.
A semi-tubular self-piercing rivet pierces the top layers and spreads inside the ductile bottom layer to lock the stack together.
Rivet, die, material stack and setting conditions have to suit one another, and joint quality is proven by sectioning and mechanical tests.
Fasteners of a different metal add a corrosion risk that the design must address.
Limits: The manual dates from 2015, so check current equipment capability with the supplier. Its thickness ranges and cycle times are examples, not general limits.
What is Galvanic Corrosion and How Can it be Prevented?
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Galvanic corrosion needs three things: two different metals, an electrical path between them and a conductive electrolyte.
It can be controlled by isolating the metals electrically, choosing compatible materials or applying a suitable coating scheme.
Coating only the anodic metal can make local attack worse where the coating is damaged, so consider the whole joint and how it meets the electrolyte.
Limits: This is general guidance, not a galvanic series for a particular environment or a life prediction. It cannot be used to estimate the service life of an aluminium alloy.
Specifying Anodized Finishes on Aluminum
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
How an anodised part looks depends on the alloy and the process. A casting that can be anodised will not necessarily give an even decorative finish.
A full finish specification states the preparation, the type of anodic coating, the appearance and the coating thickness.
Hard anodic coatings stand up to abrasion, yet the aluminium beneath can still dent under a concentrated load.
Thin anodic films can act as a base for adhesives or paint, which is a different aim from a decorative architectural finish.
Limits: The source uses older MIL-A-8625 and Alcoa terms, so confirm the current governing specification. We have not taken any bath recipe, chemical safety advice or general sealing recommendation from it.
QUALICOAT Specifications — 26th Edition Introduction
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
QUALICOAT approves coating materials and pretreatment systems separately from the licences it grants to inspected coating plants.
A coating line covers pretreatment, application and curing, so using an approved powder does not by itself make the finished product certified.
Tests named in the introduction include gloss, eddy-current film thickness and cross-cut adhesion.
Postforming is forming after the coating is applied, and it needs a coating system designed for it.
Limits: The introduction is not the full specification for coaters or material makers. Metline makes no claim to a QUALICOAT licence, approval or logo.
Recycling — Materials
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Process scrap and post-consumer scrap are separate feedstocks, and post-consumer scrap usually needs tighter control of contamination.
How scrap is collected, sorted and prepared decides how much of it can be used.
Mechanical separation followed by sorting by alloy brings the scrap closer to the target melt chemistry.
Limits: This is a descriptive overview with no general figure for yield, purity or recycling rate. The source's photographs are not licensed for our use.
Recycling — Processes
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Some scrap carries coatings or oil that must be removed before melting to improve recovery and limit emissions.
The chemistry and contaminants of the feed decide which furnace and refining steps are used; degassing and alloy adjustment may follow.
The page puts recycling energy at roughly 5% of that needed to make primary ingot from bauxite, a broad process-level figure.
Recycling also produces emissions and residues such as dross and salt slag, which must be managed in their own right.
Limits: The energy figure is not a carbon footprint for any product and does not prove recycled content. Not every remelt plant uses salt flux or the same treatment steps.
Sustainable Aluminium Dross Management Guidance — Practical Summary
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
White dross, black dross, salt cake and treated non-metallic residues each need a different handling decision.
Keeping oxidation down during melting and transfer leaves more metal to recover.
Good recovery depends on careful handling, controlled cooling, dry covered storage, traceability and skilled operators working together.
The recovery method and any reuse of residues must suit the feed, the costs, the environmental impact and local regulations.
Limits: We reviewed only the summary, not the full report. It is not an operating procedure, a transport classification or a ruling on local compliance. The summary notes that hydrometallurgical routes are not yet used industrially, so emerging methods should not be presented as established.
Friction Stir Weld Tooling Development for Application on the 2195 Al-Cu-Li Space Transportation System External Tank
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
The report looks at friction stir welding of 2195 plate and extrusions for the former external-tank programme.
High process loads, the need for backing support and deflection of the machine and tooling made scale-up difficult.
Even when a material friction stir welds well, it may still need dedicated fixtures and tight process control.
Limits: This is 1998 research for one programme, not a current aerospace qualification or general 2195 property data. We have used none of its strength, load or cryogenic figures.
Processing 101
Open the original source · 2026-10-14
Rod and bar are made by rolling or extrusion, and drawing reduces the section step by step.
Plate is rolled from a heated ingot and may then be cold worked, heat treated and stress relieved.
Describe the process route separately from the final product form and the alloy designation.
Limits: An introductory overview only; it gives no product sizes, tolerances or supplier capabilities.
