2017-T4
Solution heat-treated and naturally aged to a stable condition. The standard temper for cold-finished rod and wire, including rivet and screw stock.
Classic duralumin machining bar
2017 T4 T451 Aluminium Bar
2017 aluminium bar is the original duralumin: an aluminium-copper-magnesium alloy that is used in the naturally aged T4 or stress-relieved T451 temper, giving about 427 MPa tensile strength with good machinability. It is a standard stock for precision machined parts, fittings and screws, and in Europe its 2017A variant is one of the most common general engineering bars. Metline supplies 2017 and 2017A round, square, hex and flat bar worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2017 / 2017A (Al-Cu-Mg)
- Tempers
- T4, T451, T42, O
- Strength
- ≈ 427 MPa UTS (T4)
- Standards
- ASTM B211 · AMS 4118 · EN 754
What is 2017 aluminium bar?
2017 descends directly from the duralumin discovered by Alfred Wilm in 1906, when he found that an aluminium-copper-magnesium alloy kept getting harder for days after quenching. That effect, natural age hardening, is still how 2017 bar gets its strength today.
The alloy contains around 4 % copper, 0.6 % magnesium and 0.7 % manganese. After solution heat treatment and quenching it is left to age at room temperature, which produces the T4 temper. Bar that is also stretched to relieve residual stress is designated T451. In these conditions 2017 has a tensile strength around 427 MPa, a yield of about 276 MPa and good elongation, so it is both strong and tough enough for threaded and highly loaded small parts.
In North America 2017 has largely been replaced by 2024 for structural uses, but it remains a standard bar for screw-machine products and rivets. In Europe and Asia the 2017A variant (French AU4G, German AlCuMg1) is one of the most widely stocked machining bars, valued for its predictable chip behaviour and dimensional stability.
2017 and 2017A chemical composition (wt %)
2017 values are the registered Aluminum Association limits used by ASTM and AMS; 2017A is defined by EN 573-3 and allows slightly more magnesium. Actual analysis is reported on each mill test certificate.
| Element | 2017 (AA / ASTM) | 2017A (EN 573-3) | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 – 0.8 | 0.20 – 0.8 | Assists ageing response |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.7 max | 0.7 max | Impurity |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.5 – 4.5 | 3.5 – 4.5 | Main strengthening element |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 – 1.0 | 0.40 – 1.0 | Strength, grain control |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.40 – 0.8 | 0.40 – 1.0 | Precipitation hardening with Cu |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.25 max | 0.25 max | Impurity |
| Titanium / Zirconium | Ti 0.15 max | Zr + Ti 0.25 max | Grain refinement |
| Others, each / total | 0.05 / 0.15 | 0.05 / 0.15 | |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder | Remainder |
Mechanical properties of 2017 bar
Typical values come from long-established Aluminum Association / ASM data. Specified minimums in ASTM B211, AMS 4118 and EN 754-2 / EN 755-2 vary with diameter and product route and sit below these typical figures. Your certificate gives the values for your lot.
| Temper | Tensile strength (typical) | Yield strength (typical) | Elongation | Brinell hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O (annealed) | 179 MPa / 26 ksi | 69 MPa / 10 ksi | 22 % | 45 HB |
| T4 / T451 | 427 MPa / 62 ksi | 276 MPa / 40 ksi | 22 % | 105 HB |
Physical properties (T4)
- Density
- 2.79 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³)
- Melting range
- about 513 – 640 °C
- Modulus of elasticity
- about 72.4 GPa (10,500 ksi)
- Shear strength
- about 262 MPa (38 ksi)
- Fatigue strength (5×10⁸ cycles)
- about 124 MPa (18 ksi)
- Thermal conductivity
- about 134 W/m·K
- Electrical conductivity
- about 34 % IACS
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- about 23.6 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
2017 tempers: T4, T451 and O
2017-T451
T4 plus stretching by about 1 – 3 % to relieve quench stresses. Order T451 for larger bar that will be machined asymmetrically or to tight tolerances.
2017-T42
Solution treated by the user from O or F temper and naturally aged; properties are similar to T4 and certified on the user's test results.
2017-O
Annealed for cold heading and forming. Parts are then solution treated and aged to regain strength.
2017 is rarely artificially aged. Ageing at elevated temperature raises yield strength only modestly and reduces toughness and corrosion performance, so T4 / T451 remain the normal supply conditions.
2017 standards and international equivalents
| System | Designation | Bar and rod standard |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / ASTM | 2017 | ASTM B211 (cold-finished bar, rod, wire), ASTM B316 (rivet and cold-heading wire) |
| Aerospace (SAE) | 2017-T4 / T451 | AMS 4118 (bar, rod and wire) |
| UNS | A92017 | — |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2017A / AlCu4MgSi(A) | EN 754-2 (drawn), EN 755-2 (extruded), EN 573-3 |
| German Werkstoff | 3.1325 (AlCuMg1) | DIN EN 754 / 755 |
| France (legacy NF) | AU4G | — |
| Japan (JIS) | A2017 | JIS H4040 |
| China (GB) | 2017; close to 2A11 | GB/T 3190, GB/T 3191 |
2A11 (formerly LY11) is the nearest Chinese grade but its limits differ; see our 2A11 bar page for a comparison.
2017 bar sizes and weights
Typical supply range
- Round bar
- Cold-drawn rod in small and medium diameters; extruded bar to large diameters
- Square, hex, flat bar
- Extruded or drawn in common metric and imperial sizes
- Length
- Usually 3 – 6 m mill lengths, or cut to size
- Tempers
- T4, T451, O
- Tolerances
- Drawn bar to ASTM B211 / EN 754-3; extruded bar to ASTM B221 / EN 755-3
Confirm the alloy variant (2017 or 2017A), temper and tolerance class when you enquire.
Reference weights for solid round 2017 bar at 2.79 g/cm³:
| Diameter (mm) | kg per metre | 3 m bar (kg) | 6 m bar (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 0.079 | 0.24 | 0.47 |
| 8 | 0.140 | 0.42 | 0.84 |
| 10 | 0.219 | 0.66 | 1.31 |
| 12 | 0.316 | 0.95 | 1.89 |
| 16 | 0.561 | 1.68 | 3.37 |
| 20 | 0.877 | 2.63 | 5.26 |
| 25 | 1.37 | 4.11 | 8.22 |
| 30 | 1.97 | 5.92 | 11.83 |
| 40 | 3.51 | 10.52 | 21.04 |
| 50 | 5.48 | 16.43 | 32.87 |
| 60 | 7.89 | 23.67 | 47.33 |
| 80 | 14.02 | 42.07 | 84.14 |
| 100 | 21.91 | 65.74 | 131.48 |
| 150 | 49.30 | 147.91 | 295.82 |
Machining, forming, joining and protection
Machining
Good machinability in T4 / T451; chips are longer than with 2011 but well controlled with chip-breaker inserts. Use carbide or HSS tools, high speeds and coolant.
Cold heading
Used for rivets and screws. Rivets are often driven soon after solution treatment, or kept refrigerated, while the alloy is still soft.
Welding
Not recommended for fusion welding because of hot-cracking risk and strength loss. Mechanical joints are standard.
Heat treatment
Solution treat at about 500 – 510 °C, quench in water and age naturally for at least four days to reach stable T4 properties.
Corrosion
Moderate. Protect by anodising, conversion coating or paint, especially in humid or marine air.
Anodising
Accepts protective and hard anodising; the film is greyer than on 6xxx alloys.
Where 2017 bar is used
- Precision engineering: machined components, bushes, spindles and instrument parts
- Fasteners: screws, bolts, rivets and threaded inserts
- Aerospace and defence: secondary fittings and hardware to AMS 4118
- Hydraulics and pneumatics: fittings, couplings and valve components
- Machinery and tooling: jigs, fixtures, mould parts and mechanical linkages
- Transport: vehicle fittings and components where strength-to-weight matters
2017 compared with 2011, 2014 and 2024
| Property | 2017-T4 | 2011-T3 | 2014-T6 | 2024-T351 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical tensile strength | 427 MPa | 379 MPa | 483 MPa | 469 MPa |
| Typical yield strength | 276 MPa | 296 MPa | 414 MPa | 324 MPa |
| Elongation | 22 % | 15 % | 13 % | 19 – 20 % |
| Chip control | Good | Excellent | Good | Good |
| Typical role | General machining, fasteners | High-volume turned parts | Forgings, high yield | Fatigue-critical parts |
Move to 2024 when you need more strength and fatigue resistance, to 2011 when cycle time matters most, and to 2014 when you need maximum yield strength in the T6 condition.
How to order 2017 bar from Metline
- SpecifyAlloy (2017 or 2017A), temper (T4 or T451), shape and size, length and quantity.
- Confirm the standardASTM B211, AMS 4118, or EN 754-2 / EN 755-2, including any tolerance class or ultrasonic requirement.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerance class, certification and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your destination port or site.
- Process and inspectBars are cut to length, checked for diameter, straightness and surface, and protected for transit.
- Document and shipEach lot ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate and packing list. Bars are bundled or cased in seaworthy wooden boxes with moisture protection; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
References and standards
- ASTM B211/B211M – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
- SAE AMS 4118 – Aluminum Alloy Bars, Rods, and Wire, 2017-T4 / T451
- EN 754-2 – Cold drawn rod/bar and tube: mechanical properties
- EN 573-3 – Chemical composition and form of wrought products
- The Aluminum Association – International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits (Teal Sheets)
2017 aluminium (aluminum) bar: frequently asked questions
Is 2017 the same as duralumin?
Yes, 2017 is the modern registered form of the original duralumin alloy. In Europe the term usually refers to 2017A (AlCu4MgSi(A), AU4G).
What is the difference between 2017-T4 and 2017-T451?
Both are solution treated and naturally aged with the same strength. T451 bar has also been stretched to relieve residual stress, so it distorts less during machining.
Is 2017A the same as 2017?
They are close. 2017A allows up to 1.0 % magnesium and a combined Zr + Ti limit. Properties are similar, and the grades are often dual-certified, but follow the designation on your drawing.
Can 2017 aluminium be welded?
Fusion welding is not recommended because of hot cracking and loss of strength. Use mechanical fastening or adhesive bonding.
What is 2017 aluminium used for?
Machined parts, fittings, screws, rivets, hydraulic components and precision instrument parts where good strength and machinability are needed.
How much does 2017 bar weigh?
About 2.79 g/cm³. A 1 m length of 50 mm round bar weighs about 5.48 kg.
Need 2017 or 2017A bar?
Send temper, size, length, quantity and destination, and our team will reply with availability and a delivered quotation.
