2014-T6
Solution heat-treated and artificially aged. Highest strength; standard for rolled and cold-finished bar under ASTM B211 and AMS 4121.
High-strength aluminium-copper bar
2014 / 2014A Aluminium Bar
2014 aluminium bar is a heat-treatable aluminium-copper alloy that reaches about 480 MPa tensile strength in T6, close to the 7xxx aerospace grades and well above 6061. It machines well and is widely used for highly stressed fittings, hydraulic parts and forging stock. Metline supplies 2014 and its European variant 2014A as round, square, hex and flat bar in T4, T6 and stress-relieved tempers, to customers worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2014 / 2014A (Al-Cu-Si-Mn-Mg)
- Tempers
- O, T4, T451, T6, T651, T6511
- Strength
- ≈ 483 MPa UTS (T6)
- Standards
- ASTM B211 · AMS 4121 · EN 755
What is 2014 aluminium bar?
2014 is one of the oldest high-strength aluminium alloys, developed from the original duralumin family. It contains around 4.4 % copper plus silicon, manganese and magnesium, and after solution treatment and artificial ageing it is among the strongest 2xxx alloys in common use.
The relatively high silicon content distinguishes 2014 from 2024. Silicon helps the alloy respond strongly to artificial ageing, so 2014 is normally used in the T6 family of tempers, whereas 2024 is mostly used naturally aged (T3/T4). The result is a bar with high yield strength and hardness, good machinability and good hot workability, which is why 2014 is also a favourite alloy for closed-die forgings.
The price of that strength is reduced corrosion resistance and limited weldability. 2014 bar is used where parts are machined, bolted or riveted together and protected by anodising, chromate-free conversion coatings or paint. In thick sections it can be sensitive to stress-corrosion cracking across the grain, so orientation of the bar relative to the load matters in design.
2014 and 2014A chemical composition (wt %)
2014 limits are the registered Aluminum Association values used by ASTM and AMS; 2014A is the European variant defined in EN 573-3, with lower permitted iron and silicon and a nickel limit. The two are interchangeable for most commercial uses, but aerospace drawings specify one or the other explicitly.
| Element | 2014 (AA / ASTM) | 2014A (EN 573-3) | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 – 1.2 | 0.50 – 0.9 | Boosts ageing response and strength |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.7 max | 0.50 max | Impurity; lower Fe improves toughness |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.9 – 5.0 | 3.9 – 5.0 | Main strengthening element |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 – 1.2 | 0.40 – 1.2 | Strength and grain control |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.20 – 0.8 | 0.20 – 0.8 | Contributes to precipitation hardening |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | |
| Nickel (Ni) | — | 0.10 max | |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.25 max | 0.25 max | Impurity |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.15 max | 0.15 max (Ti + Zr 0.20) | Grain refiner |
| Others, each / total | 0.05 / 0.15 | 0.05 / 0.15 | |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder | Remainder |
Mechanical properties of 2014 bar by temper
Typical values are long-established Aluminum Association / ASM data; they are not guaranteed. Minimum properties in ASTM B211, ASTM B221, AMS 4121 or EN 755-2 depend on temper, product route and diameter, and are reported on the mill certificate.
| Temper | Tensile strength (typical) | Yield strength (typical) | Elongation | Brinell hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O (annealed) | 186 MPa / 27 ksi | 97 MPa / 14 ksi | 18 % | 45 HB |
| T4 / T451 | 427 MPa / 62 ksi | 290 MPa / 42 ksi | 20 % | 105 HB |
| T6 / T651 / T6511 | 483 MPa / 70 ksi | 414 MPa / 60 ksi | 13 % | 135 HB |
Physical properties (T6)
- Density
- 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³)
- Melting range
- about 507 – 638 °C
- Modulus of elasticity
- about 72.4 GPa (10,500 ksi)
- Shear strength
- about 290 MPa (42 ksi)
- Fatigue strength (5×10⁸ cycles)
- about 124 MPa (18 ksi)
- Thermal conductivity
- about 154 W/m·K
- Electrical conductivity
- about 40 % IACS
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- about 23 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
Which 2014 temper should you order?
2014-T651
T6 plus stretching to relieve quench stresses. Preferred for larger rolled bar that will be heavily machined, because it moves less when material is removed.
2014-T6510 / T6511
Stress-relieved tempers for extruded bar and shapes; T6511 allows minor straightening after stretching.
2014-T4 / T451
Naturally aged. Lower yield but higher elongation and better fracture toughness; can be aged to T6 after forming.
2014-O
Annealed for maximum formability and as forging or upsetting stock before full heat treatment.
2014-F
As-fabricated, mainly used as forging stock and re-draw bar.
2014 standards and international equivalents
| System | Designation | Bar and rod standard |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / ASTM | 2014 | ASTM B211 (rolled / cold-finished), ASTM B221 (extruded) |
| Aerospace (SAE) | 2014-T6 / T651 | AMS 4121 (bar, rod, wire), AMS 4153 (extrusions) |
| UNS | A92014 | — |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2014 (AlCu4SiMg), EN AW-2014A (AlCu4SiMg(A)) | EN 754-2, EN 755-2, EN 573-3 |
| German Werkstoff | 3.1255 | DIN EN 755 |
| ISO | AlCu4SiMg | ISO 209 |
| Japan (JIS) | A2014 | JIS H4040 |
| China (GB) | 2014; close to 2A14 | GB/T 3190, GB/T 3191 |
2A14 is a Chinese designation with similar but not identical limits. Treat it as a near-equivalent only after comparing certified chemistry and properties.
2014 bar sizes and weights
Typical supply range
- Round bar
- Cold-finished rod in small diameters; extruded and rolled bar to large diameters for machining and forging stock
- Square, hex, flat bar
- Extruded or rolled in common metric and imperial sizes
- Length
- Mill lengths of about 3 – 6 m, or saw-cut blanks to your length
- Tempers
- T6, T651, T6511, T4, T451, O, F
- Certification
- Commercial (ASTM / EN) or aerospace (AMS) with full traceability
Confirm diameter, temper and specification when you enquire; aerospace-certified sizes can require mill production slots.
Weight of solid round 2014 bar, using a density of 2.80 g/cm³:
| Diameter (mm) | kg per metre | 3 m bar (kg) | 6 m bar (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0.220 | 0.66 | 1.32 |
| 12 | 0.317 | 0.95 | 1.90 |
| 16 | 0.563 | 1.69 | 3.38 |
| 20 | 0.880 | 2.64 | 5.28 |
| 25 | 1.37 | 4.12 | 8.25 |
| 30 | 1.98 | 5.94 | 11.88 |
| 40 | 3.52 | 10.56 | 21.11 |
| 50 | 5.50 | 16.49 | 32.99 |
| 60 | 7.92 | 23.75 | 47.50 |
| 80 | 14.07 | 42.22 | 84.45 |
| 100 | 21.99 | 65.97 | 131.95 |
| 120 | 31.67 | 95.00 | 190.00 |
| 150 | 49.48 | 148.44 | 296.88 |
| 200 | 87.96 | 263.89 | 527.79 |
Machining, welding, forging and corrosion protection
Machining
Machines well in T6 / T651: chips are short and finish is good. Use carbide tools with positive rake and flood coolant. T651 and T6511 keep distortion down on heavily machined parts.
Welding
Poor for arc welding: hot cracking and large strength loss in the heat-affected zone. Resistance and friction-stir welding are possible. Design for mechanical joints.
Forging
Excellent hot workability; a common forging alloy for wheels, fittings and pistons. Forge in the 420 – 460 °C range, then solution treat and age.
Heat treatment
Solution treat at around 500 °C, quench rapidly, then age at around 160 – 175 °C for T6. Follow AMS 2770 or your specification for exact cycles.
Corrosion
Lower resistance than 5xxx or 6xxx alloys. Anodise, conversion-coat or paint. Avoid sustained short-transverse tensile stress in thick parts.
Temperature
Retains strength reasonably to about 150 °C; prolonged exposure above that over-ages the alloy.
Where 2014 bar is used
- Aerospace: machined fittings, brackets, landing-gear and actuator parts, and forging stock
- Defence: ordnance components and missile parts that need high strength and machinability
- Automotive and truck: heavy-duty frames, suspension parts, wheels and hydraulic pistons
- Hydraulics and pneumatics: valve bodies, cylinder ends and high-pressure fittings
- Machinery: high-stress gears, shafts, couplings and tooling components
- Sport and leisure: high-load climbing hardware and bicycle components
2014 compared with 2024, 2017, 6061 and 7075 bar
| Property | 2014-T6 | 2024-T351 | 2017-T4 | 6061-T6 | 7075-T6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical tensile strength | 483 MPa | 469 MPa | 427 MPa | 310 MPa | 572 MPa |
| Typical yield strength | 414 MPa | 324 MPa | 276 MPa | 276 MPa | 503 MPa |
| Fatigue performance | Good | Very good | Good | Good | Good |
| Machinability | Good | Good | Good | Good | Very good |
| Weldability (arc) | Poor | Poor | Poor | Good | Poor |
| Corrosion resistance | Fair | Fair | Fair | Good | Fair |
Choose 2014 when a part needs high yield strength and will be forged or machined; 2024 when fatigue and damage tolerance lead the design; 7075 when the highest strength is needed; and 6061 when weldability and corrosion resistance matter more.
How to order 2014 bar from Metline
- SpecifyAlloy (2014 or 2014A) and temper (e.g. T651), shape, size, length or blank size, and quantity.
- Confirm the standardASTM B211 / B221 for commercial orders, AMS 4121 or AMS 4153 for aerospace, or EN 754 / EN 755 for European orders; add any ultrasonic or grain-flow requirements.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerance class, certification and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your destination port or site.
- Process and inspectBars are cut to length, checked for size, straightness and surface, and ultrasonically tested when the specification requires it.
- Document and shipEach lot ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate and packing list. Bars are bundled or cased in seaworthy wooden boxes with moisture protection; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
References and standards
- ASTM B211/B211M – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
- SAE AMS 4121 – Aluminum Alloy Bars, Rods, and Wire, Rolled, Drawn, or Cold Finished, 2014-T6 / T651
- SAE AMS 4153 – Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 2014-T6, Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated
- EN 573-3 – Chemical composition and form of wrought products
- The Aluminum Association – International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits (Teal Sheets)
2014 aluminium (aluminum) bar: frequently asked questions
What is the difference between 2014 and 2014A?
2014A is the European variant in EN 573-3. It has tighter limits on silicon (0.50 – 0.9 %) and iron (0.50 % max) and a nickel limit, which improves toughness slightly. Properties are very close, so the grades are often dual-certified, but aerospace drawings specify one explicitly.
Is 2014 stronger than 6061?
Yes. 2014-T6 typically reaches about 483 MPa tensile and 414 MPa yield, compared with about 310 and 276 MPa for 6061-T6. 6061 is better for welding and corrosion resistance.
Can 2014 aluminium bar be welded?
Arc welding is not recommended because of hot cracking and loss of strength. Friction-stir and resistance welding can be used in some designs, but mechanical fastening is normal.
2014 or 2024: which bar should I choose?
2014-T6 has higher yield strength and hardness and is the better forging alloy. 2024-T351 has better fatigue resistance and fracture toughness, so it is preferred for cyclically loaded parts.
Does 2014 need corrosion protection?
Yes for most environments. Its copper content lowers corrosion resistance, so parts are usually anodised, conversion-coated or painted.
What certificate comes with 2014 bar?
An EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate showing chemistry, mechanical test results and heat traceability; AMS conformance and ultrasonic reports for aerospace orders.
Need 2014 or 2014A bar?
Send temper, size, length, quantity, specification and destination, and our team will reply with availability and a delivered quotation.
