T6 / T651
Cold-finished bar, solution treated and aged; T651 is stretched to relieve stress. Full strength for turned and milled parts.
Aerospace rod & bar · 2xxx series
2014A Aerospace Aluminium Rod & Bar
2014 and 2014A rod and bar are high-strength aluminium-copper machining stock: in T6, T651 and T6511 they reach about 480 MPa tensile and 410 MPa yield and machine to a fine finish. They are used for fittings, pins, links and fasteners in aircraft and defence hardware. Metline supplies extruded and cold-finished 2014/2014A bar in round, square, hexagon and flat sections, certified to AMS, ASTM and EN standards, worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2014 / 2014A
- Tempers
- T4, T451, T6, T651, T6511
- Diameter
- about 6 – 250 mm
- Standards
- AMS 4121 · AMS 4153 · ASTM B211
2014A rod and bar for aerospace machining
Rod and bar in 2014 is produced in two ways: extruded (larger sizes, T6510/T6511 tempers) and rolled or cold-finished (drawn to closer tolerances, typically T4, T451, T6 or T651). Both are heat-treated to develop the copper-rich precipitates that give the alloy its strength.
The silicon in 2014 sharpens its ageing response, so the T6 condition has a high yield-to-tensile ratio. That suits parts such as clevis pins, rod ends, actuator links and fittings that must not yield under proof loads. The alloy cuts easily on CNC lathes and screw machines, producing broken chips and a bright surface, which keeps cycle times short for turned parts.
Corrosion resistance is modest, so finished parts are anodised or conversion-coated and primed. For parts loaded in fatigue, or in contact with moisture under sustained stress, engineers compare 2014 with 2024-T351 or 7075-T73 bar before choosing.
Composition of 2014 and 2014A (wt %)
| Element | 2014 (AA / ASTM) | 2014A (EN AW-2014A) | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper (Cu) | 3.9 – 5.0 | 3.9 – 5.0 | Main strengthening element (Al2Cu precipitates) |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 – 1.2 | 0.50 – 0.9 | Speeds the ageing response; the "Si" in AlCu4SiMg |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 – 1.2 | 0.40 – 1.2 | Grain control and toughness |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.20 – 0.8 | 0.20 – 0.8 | Adds to precipitation hardening |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.7 max | 0.50 max | Impurity; lower Fe improves toughness |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | Impurity |
| Nickel (Ni) | — | 0.10 max | Impurity |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.25 max | 0.25 max | Impurity |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.15 max | 0.15 max (Ti + Zr 0.20) | Grain refiner |
| Others, each / total | 0.05 / 0.15 | 0.05 / 0.15 | |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder | Remainder |
Note: some product listings quote silicon for 2014A as low as 0.15 %; the registered EN AW-2014A range is 0.50 – 0.9 %.
Mechanical and physical properties
| Temper | Tensile strength | Yield strength (0.2 %) | Elongation | Brinell hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O (annealed) | 186 MPa / 27 ksi | 97 MPa / 14 ksi | 18 % | 45 HB |
| T4, T451 | 427 MPa / 62 ksi | 290 MPa / 42 ksi | 20 % | 105 HB |
| T6, T651, T6511 | 483 MPa / 70 ksi | 414 MPa / 60 ksi | 13 % | 135 HB |
For cold-finished bar to ASTM B211, minimum properties for 2014-T6 / T651 bar are in the order of 450 MPa tensile and 380 MPa yield for common diameters, while extruded T6511 bar follows the size-dependent ASTM B221 minimums (415 MPa tensile and 365 MPa yield up to 12.5 mm, rising for larger sections). Your certificate reports the actual values.
Physical properties of 2014 (T6 unless noted)
- Density
- 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³)
- Modulus of elasticity
- about 73 GPa (10.6 Msi)
- Melting range
- about 507 – 638 °C
- Thermal conductivity
- about 154 W/m·K (T6); about 190 W/m·K (O)
- Electrical conductivity
- about 40 % IACS (T6); about 50 % IACS (O)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- about 23 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
Tempers for rod and bar
T6511
Extruded bar, stretched and aged, minor straightening allowed. Standard for larger diameters and rectangular bar.
T4 / T451
Naturally aged; easier to cold-head, bend or swage. Can be aged to T6 after forming.
T3
Solution treated and cold worked, used on some drawn products and rivet-type stock.
Specifications and equivalents
Rod and bar specifications
- AMS 4121
- 2014-T6 rolled or cold-finished bar, rod and wire
- AMS-QQ-A-225/4
- 2014 bar, rod and wire (former federal QQ-A-225/4)
- AMS 4153 / AMS-QQ-A-200/2
- 2014 extruded bar, rod and shapes
- ASTM B211 / ASTM B221
- Cold-finished and extruded bar and rod
- EN 754-2 / EN 755-2
- Drawn and extruded EN AW-2014 / 2014A bar
| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / UNS | 2014 / A92014 | Basis of ASTM and AMS specifications |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2014 (AlCu4SiMg); EN AW-2014A (AlCu4SiMg(A)) | 2014A has tighter Si and Fe limits |
| German Werkstoff | 3.1255 | AlCuSiMn in older DIN usage |
| ISO | AlCu4SiMg | ISO 209 |
| Japan (JIS) | A2014 | JIS H4000 / H4040 / H4140 |
| France (old NF) | AU4SG | Still seen on older drawings |
| China (GB) | 2A14 (close equivalent) | Similar chemistry; check limits before substituting |
Sizes and weights
Supply range
- Round bar
- about 6 – 250 mm (1/4 – 10 in) diameter
- Square and rectangular bar
- about 6 – 150 mm thickness
- Hexagon bar
- about 6 – 75 mm across flats
- Length
- 3 – 3.66 m (12 ft) and 6 m standard; cut pieces to order
2014 round bar weighs 0.0022 × d² kg per metre (d in mm), based on a density of 2.80 g/cm³. Use the bar weight calculator for other shapes.
| Diameter (mm) | kg per metre | 3 m bar (kg) | 6 m bar (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0.220 | 0.66 | 1.32 |
| 16 | 0.563 | 1.69 | 3.38 |
| 20 | 0.880 | 2.64 | 5.28 |
| 25 | 1.37 | 4.12 | 8.25 |
| 30 | 1.98 | 5.94 | 11.88 |
| 40 | 3.52 | 10.56 | 21.11 |
| 50 | 5.50 | 16.49 | 32.99 |
| 60 | 7.92 | 23.75 | 47.50 |
| 80 | 14.07 | 42.22 | 84.45 |
| 100 | 21.99 | 65.97 | 131.95 |
| 125 | 34.36 | 103.08 | 206.17 |
| 150 | 49.48 | 148.44 | 296.88 |
| 200 | 87.96 | 263.89 | 527.79 |
Machining and finishing tips
- Use sharp carbide tools with polished flutes; high speeds and flood coolant give the best finish.
- Stretched tempers (T651, T6511) minimise movement during machining of long parts.
- Avoid fusion welding; use threaded, pinned or riveted joints.
- Anodise, or conversion-coat and prime, all finished parts; seal threads and faying surfaces.
- Shot-peen highly stressed fillets to improve fatigue and stress-corrosion resistance.
Applications
- Airframe fittings, clevises, lugs and brackets
- Actuator rods, push-pull links and control-system parts
- Pins, bushings, spacers and special fasteners
- Helicopter and missile hardware turned from bar
- Aircraft ground-support tooling and fixtures
2014 bar is not used for conductors or heat sinks, and it is not a good choice for parts in permanent contact with seawater; for those, 6061 or 5083 are more suitable.
How to order
- SpecifyAlloy (2014 or 2014A), temper, shape and size, length and quantity.
- Name the standardAMS 4121, AMS 4153, ASTM B211, ASTM B221, EN 754/755 or your customer specification.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerance, test scope, certification and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your port or site.
- Process and inspectBars are cut, end-marked and checked for diameter, straightness and surface.
- Document and shipEach lot ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate traceable to the heat and lot, plus a packing list. Material is packed in seaworthy wooden cases with moisture protection; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
References and standards
- ASTM B211 – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod and Wire
- ASTM B221 – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles and Tubes
- SAE AMS 4121 – Aluminum Alloy Bars, Rods and Wire, 2014-T6
- The Aluminum Association – International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits
2014A aerospace aluminium (aluminum) bar: FAQ
Is 2014A bar the same as 2014 bar?
They are close relatives. 2014A, the EN designation, has tighter silicon and iron limits. Properties are similar, but your drawing decides which one is acceptable.
Which temper should I order for machined pins and fittings?
T651 cold-finished bar or T6511 extruded bar. Both are fully aged and stress-relieved, so they hold size during machining.
Does 2014 bar conduct electricity well?
Moderately: about 40 % IACS in T6. It is a structural alloy, not a conductor alloy; use 6101 or 1350 for electrical parts.
Can 2014 bar be anodised?
Yes. Sulphuric and hard anodising are common, though the high copper content gives a darker, less uniform appearance than 6061.
How is 2014 bar packed for export?
Bars are bundled, wrapped against moisture and packed in seaworthy wooden cases, with the certificate and packing list attached.
Need 2014A rod or bar?
Send size, temper, specification and quantity, and we will confirm availability and a delivered price.
