2219-T351
Solution treated, stretched and naturally aged. Moderate strength and good toughness; often bought as an intermediate temper and aged to T851 after machining or welding.
Weldable high-temperature aluminium-copper bar
2219 Aluminium Bar
2219 aluminium bar is a high-copper (about 6.3 %) heat-treatable alloy that keeps useful strength from cryogenic temperatures up to around 300 °C and, unusually for a 2xxx alloy, can be fusion welded. It is used for rocket propellant tanks, aerospace structures, high-temperature fittings and welded assemblies. Metline supplies 2219 round, square and flat bar in T351, T851 and related tempers, with full mill certification, to customers worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2219 (Al-6.3Cu-Mn-Zr-V)
- Tempers
- O, T351, T62, T851, T8511, T87
- Service range
- Cryogenic to about 300 °C
- Standards
- ASTM B211 · B221 · AMS 4162
What is 2219 aluminium bar?
2219 was developed in the 1950s for parts that must stay strong when hot and survive welding. Its high copper content, combined with small additions of manganese, zirconium, vanadium and titanium, gives a fine, stable microstructure that resists softening at temperature and tolerates the heat of a weld.
Most high-strength 2xxx alloys, such as 2024 and 2014, crack when fusion welded. 2219 does not: with 2319 filler wire it can be TIG or MIG welded and then re-aged, which is why it was chosen for large cryogenic propellant tanks on launch vehicles. Its strength actually rises at cryogenic temperatures while toughness remains good, making it suitable for liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen service.
At the other end of the range, 2219 in the artificially aged T8 tempers has among the best creep and elevated-temperature properties of commercial aluminium alloys, retaining useful strength up to around 300 °C. Bar in 2219 is used for machined fittings, supersonic airframe fittings, engine components and welded structures that see heat.
2219 chemical composition (wt %)
Registered Aluminum Association limits, used by ASTM, AMS and EN 573-3 (EN AW-2219, AlCu6Mn). Each lot is certified with its actual analysis.
| Element | Minimum | Maximum | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon (Si) | — | 0.20 | Impurity |
| Iron (Fe) | — | 0.30 | Impurity |
| Copper (Cu) | 5.8 | 6.8 | Main strengthening element; enables high-temperature strength |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.20 | 0.40 | Strength and thermal stability |
| Magnesium (Mg) | — | 0.02 | Held very low to aid weldability |
| Zinc (Zn) | — | 0.10 | Impurity |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.02 | 0.10 | Grain refiner, reduces weld cracking |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.05 | 0.15 | Improves elevated-temperature strength |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 0.10 | 0.25 | Inhibits recrystallisation |
| Others, each / total | — | 0.05 / 0.15 | |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder |
Mechanical properties of 2219 by temper
Typical room-temperature values from Aluminum Association / ASM data. Specified minimums depend on product form, temper and section size; AMS and ASTM certificates report the guaranteed values for each lot.
| Temper | Tensile strength (typical) | Yield strength (typical) | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|
| O (annealed) | 172 MPa / 25 ksi | 76 MPa / 11 ksi | 18 % |
| T31 / T351 | 360 MPa / 52 ksi | 250 MPa / 36 ksi | 17 % |
| T37 | 395 MPa / 57 ksi | 315 MPa / 46 ksi | 11 % |
| T62 | 415 MPa / 60 ksi | 290 MPa / 42 ksi | 10 % |
| T81 / T851 / T8511 | 455 MPa / 66 ksi | 350 MPa / 51 ksi | 10 % |
| T87 | 475 MPa / 69 ksi | 395 MPa / 57 ksi | 10 % |
Physical properties (T8 tempers)
- Density
- 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³)
- Melting range
- about 543 – 643 °C
- Modulus of elasticity
- about 73.8 GPa (10,700 ksi)
- Thermal conductivity
- about 121 W/m·K
- Electrical conductivity
- about 30 % IACS
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- about 22.3 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
Which 2219 temper should you order?
2219-T851
Solution treated, stretched and artificially aged. The main temper for rolled bar used in high-temperature or stress-corrosion-critical parts.
2219-T8511
Equivalent for extruded bar, with minor straightening allowed after stretching (AMS 4162).
2219-T62
Heat treated from O or F temper by the user and artificially aged; common for welded and re-aged assemblies.
2219-T87
More cold work before ageing; the highest strength temper, mainly for sheet and plate.
2219-O / F
Annealed or as-fabricated stock for forming, forging or later heat treatment.
2219 standards and international equivalents
| System | Designation | Bar, extrusion and forging standards |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / ASTM | 2219 | ASTM B211 (rolled / cold-finished bar), ASTM B221 (extruded), ASTM B247 (forgings) |
| Aerospace (SAE) | 2219-T8511 / T6 / T852 | AMS 4162 (extrusions T8511), AMS 4143 (forgings T6), AMS 4144 (hand forgings and rings T852 / T851) |
| UNS | A92219 | — |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2219 / AlCu6Mn | EN 755-2, EN 573-3 |
| ISO | AlCu6Mn | ISO 209 |
| Japan (JIS) | A2219 | JIS H4040 |
| China (GB) | 2219; similar to 2A16 | GB/T 3190, GB/T 3191 |
2A16 has a related chemistry but different limits; confirm properties against your drawing before substituting.
2219 bar sizes and weights
Typical supply range
- Round bar
- Extruded and rolled bar in medium and large diameters; small drawn rod on request
- Square and flat bar
- Extruded or cut from plate to size
- Length
- Mill lengths or saw-cut blanks to drawing
- Tempers
- T351, T851, T8511, O, F; T6 / T62 by heat treatment
- Testing
- Tensile, chemistry, conductivity; ultrasonic testing to AMS-STD-2154 on request
2219 is a specialist alloy; sizes and tempers are often produced to order, so share your full specification early.
Reference weights for solid round 2219 bar at 2.84 g/cm³:
| Diameter (mm) | kg per metre | 3 m bar (kg) | 6 m bar (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 0.892 | 2.68 | 5.35 |
| 25 | 1.39 | 4.18 | 8.36 |
| 30 | 2.01 | 6.02 | 12.04 |
| 40 | 3.57 | 10.71 | 21.41 |
| 50 | 5.58 | 16.73 | 33.46 |
| 60 | 8.03 | 24.09 | 48.18 |
| 80 | 14.28 | 42.83 | 85.65 |
| 100 | 22.31 | 66.92 | 133.83 |
| 120 | 32.12 | 96.36 | 192.72 |
| 150 | 50.19 | 150.56 | 301.12 |
| 200 | 89.22 | 267.66 | 535.33 |
| 250 | 139.41 | 418.22 | 836.45 |
Welding, machining and heat treatment
Welding
TIG, MIG, electron-beam and friction-stir welding are all used. ER2319 filler is standard. Weld joint efficiency is typically well below parent strength unless the assembly is re-solution treated and aged.
Machining
Machines well in T8 tempers with short chips and good finish. Use carbide tools and coolant; T851 / T8511 limit distortion.
Heat treatment
Solution treat at about 535 °C, quench, then age at about 175 – 190 °C for T6 / T8 tempers. Follow AMS 2770 for aerospace parts.
High temperature
Retains strength and resists creep better than most aluminium alloys up to around 300 °C in T8 tempers.
Cryogenic service
Strength and toughness increase at low temperature, making 2219 suitable for liquid oxygen and hydrogen tanks.
Corrosion
Fair, typical of high-copper alloys; T8 tempers resist stress-corrosion cracking well. Protect by anodising or coating.
Where 2219 bar is used
- Space launch: welded cryogenic propellant tank parts, rings, flanges and fittings
- Aerospace: high-temperature structural fittings and supersonic airframe components
- Engines: components that see sustained heat, such as compressor and mounting parts
- Defence: welded armour and ordnance components
- Cryogenic equipment: LNG and industrial gas fittings where toughness at low temperature matters
- Welded structures: high-strength aluminium assemblies that must be fusion welded
2219 compared with 2024, 2618 and 6061
| Property | 2219-T851 | 2024-T351 | 2618-T61 | 6061-T6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical tensile strength | 455 MPa | 469 MPa | 440 MPa | 310 MPa |
| Fusion weldability | Good (2319 filler) | Poor | Poor | Good |
| Elevated temperature strength | Very good | Fair | Very good | Fair |
| Cryogenic toughness | Excellent | Good | Good | Good |
| Typical use | Welded tanks, hot structures | Fatigue-critical parts | Engine parts, pistons | General structures |
Choose 2219 when the part must be welded and stay strong at high or very low temperature. 2618 is an alternative for unwelded, heat-exposed forgings, and 2024 remains the choice for fatigue-critical parts at room temperature.
How to order 2219 bar from Metline
- SpecifyTemper (e.g. 2219-T851 or T8511), shape and size, length or blank dimensions, and quantity.
- Confirm the standardASTM B211 / B221, AMS 4162, or the forging specification (AMS 4143 / AMS 4144) if you need forged bar; state ultrasonic and conductivity requirements.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerance class, certification and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your destination port or site.
- Process and inspectMaterial is cut, inspected for size and surface, and tested to the ordered specification, including ultrasonic inspection where required.
- Document and shipEach lot ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate and packing list. Bars are bundled or cased in seaworthy wooden boxes with moisture protection; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
References and standards
- SAE AMS 4162 – Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 2219-T8511
- SAE AMS 4143 – Aluminum Alloy Forgings and Rings, 2219-T6
- ASTM B211/B211M – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
- The Aluminum Association – International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits (Teal Sheets)
- ASM Handbook, Vol. 2 – Properties of Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys: 2219
2219 aluminium (aluminum) bar: frequently asked questions
Can 2219 aluminium be welded?
Yes. 2219 is one of the few 2xxx alloys that can be fusion welded. TIG or MIG with ER2319 filler is standard, and strength can be partly restored by re-ageing or fully by re-solution treatment and ageing.
What temperature can 2219 withstand?
In T8 tempers it keeps useful strength and creep resistance up to about 300 °C, and it performs well down to cryogenic temperatures such as liquid hydrogen service.
What is the difference between 2219-T851 and T8511?
Both are solution treated, stretched and artificially aged. T851 applies to rolled bar and plate; T8511 applies to extruded bar and shapes and allows minor straightening after stretching.
Why is 2219 used for rocket fuel tanks?
It combines weldability, high strength and good toughness at cryogenic temperatures, and resists stress-corrosion cracking in T8 tempers.
Is 2219 stronger than 6061?
Yes. 2219-T851 typically reaches about 455 MPa tensile strength, compared with about 310 MPa for 6061-T6, and holds strength much better at elevated temperature.
Do you supply 2219 with aerospace certification?
Yes. 2219 bar and extrusions can be supplied certified to the relevant AMS specification with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate and ultrasonic test reports on request.
Need 2219 bar?
Send temper, size, specification, quantity and destination. Our team will confirm availability and send a delivered quotation.
