T6511
Solution treated, stretched 1 – 3 % and aged, with minor straightening allowed after stretching. The most common aerospace temper for 2014 extruded bar and shapes.
Aerospace extrusions · 2xxx series
2014 / 2014A Aerospace Aluminium Extrusions & Profiles
2014 extrusions combine high strength (about 480 MPa tensile in T6511) with very good machinability, making them a standard choice for machined aircraft fittings, stiffeners and links cut from extruded bar and profile. Metline supplies 2014 and 2014A extruded bars, standard shapes and custom profiles in T4, T6, T6510 and T6511 to AMS, ASTM and EN specifications, shipped worldwide with full certification.
- Alloy
- 2014 / 2014A
- Tempers
- T4, T6, T6510, T6511
- Forms
- Bar, angle, tee, channel, custom
- Standards
- AMS 4153 · ASTM B221 · EN 755
What are 2014 aerospace extrusions?
An extrusion is made by pushing a heated billet through a steel die, producing a long product with a constant cross-section. For 2014, extrusion is followed by solution heat treatment, quenching, stretching and ageing, which gives the T6510 or T6511 temper most aerospace drawings call for.
2014 is a hard alloy to extrude compared with 6061 or 6063, so press speeds are lower and very thin, complex hollow shapes are difficult. Solid shapes such as bars, angles, tees, zees, channels and I-sections are common, as are thick-walled tubes. Many aerospace parts are simply machined from extruded rectangular or round bar, because the extrusion gives a fine, directional grain structure and good longitudinal properties at a lower cost than forgings.
The alloy offers higher yield strength than 2024-T3511 extrusions and machines faster, but it has lower fatigue and corrosion performance. It is therefore used for fittings, brackets, links and stiffeners that are protected by surface treatment, while 2024 and 7075 extrusions are used for stringers, spar caps and highly loaded members.
2014 and 2014A composition (wt %)
| Element | 2014 (AA / ASTM) | 2014A (EN AW-2014A) | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper (Cu) | 3.9 – 5.0 | 3.9 – 5.0 | Main strengthening element (Al2Cu precipitates) |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 – 1.2 | 0.50 – 0.9 | Speeds the ageing response; the "Si" in AlCu4SiMg |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 – 1.2 | 0.40 – 1.2 | Grain control and toughness |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.20 – 0.8 | 0.20 – 0.8 | Adds to precipitation hardening |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.7 max | 0.50 max | Impurity; lower Fe improves toughness |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | Impurity |
| Nickel (Ni) | — | 0.10 max | Impurity |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.25 max | 0.25 max | Impurity |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.15 max | 0.15 max (Ti + Zr 0.20) | Grain refiner |
| Others, each / total | 0.05 / 0.15 | 0.05 / 0.15 | |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder | Remainder |
Mechanical properties of 2014 extrusions
ASTM B221 sets minimum properties for 2014 extrusions that rise with section size, because thicker extrusions of this alloy develop a stronger, unrecrystallised core. Typical values are shown in the second table.
| Temper and wall / diameter (ASTM B221) | Min. tensile strength | Min. yield strength | Min. elongation |
|---|---|---|---|
| T4, T4510, T4511 – all sizes | 345 MPa / 50 ksi | 240 MPa / 35 ksi | 12 % |
| T6, T6510, T6511 – up to 12.5 mm | 415 MPa / 60 ksi | 365 MPa / 53 ksi | 7 % |
| T6, T6510, T6511 – 12.5 to 19 mm | 440 MPa / 64 ksi | 400 MPa / 58 ksi | 7 % |
| T6, T6510, T6511 – 19 mm and over (area to 160 cm²) | 470 MPa / 68 ksi | 415 MPa / 60 ksi | 7 % |
| Temper | Tensile strength | Yield strength (0.2 %) | Elongation | Brinell hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O (annealed) | 186 MPa / 27 ksi | 97 MPa / 14 ksi | 18 % | 45 HB |
| T4, T451 | 427 MPa / 62 ksi | 290 MPa / 42 ksi | 20 % | 105 HB |
| T6, T651, T6511 | 483 MPa / 70 ksi | 414 MPa / 60 ksi | 13 % | 135 HB |
Minimums summarised from ASTM B221; AMS 4153 and EN 755-2 have their own tables. Always confirm against the certificate for your section.
Physical properties of 2014 (T6 unless noted)
- Density
- 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³)
- Modulus of elasticity
- about 73 GPa (10.6 Msi)
- Melting range
- about 507 – 638 °C
- Thermal conductivity
- about 154 W/m·K (T6); about 190 W/m·K (O)
- Electrical conductivity
- about 40 % IACS (T6); about 50 % IACS (O)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- about 23 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
Extrusion tempers
T6510
As T6511 but with no straightening after stretching, so the section is as-stretched. Specified where the drawing forbids post-stretch straightening.
T6
Solution treated and aged without stretching. Used for small sections and tube where residual stress is less important.
T4 / T4511
Naturally aged, more ductile. Suitable for parts that are formed after extrusion and aged later.
T3
Solution treated, cold worked and naturally aged; mainly for drawn products made from extruded stock.
O and F
Annealed or as-extruded stock for subsequent forging, forming or customer heat treatment.
Specifications and equivalents
Extrusion specifications
- AMS 4153
- 2014-T6510 / T6511 extruded bars, rods, shapes and tubing
- AMS-QQ-A-200/2
- 2014 extrusions (former federal QQ-A-200/2)
- ASTM B221
- Extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles and tubes
- EN 755-1/-2/-9
- EN AW-2014 / 2014A extruded bars, tubes and profiles: properties and shape tolerances
- EN 573-3
- Chemical composition
| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / UNS | 2014 / A92014 | Basis of ASTM and AMS specifications |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2014 (AlCu4SiMg); EN AW-2014A (AlCu4SiMg(A)) | 2014A has tighter Si and Fe limits |
| German Werkstoff | 3.1255 | AlCuSiMn in older DIN usage |
| ISO | AlCu4SiMg | ISO 209 |
| Japan (JIS) | A2014 | JIS H4000 / H4040 / H4140 |
| France (old NF) | AU4SG | Still seen on older drawings |
| China (GB) | 2A14 (close equivalent) | Similar chemistry; check limits before substituting |
Profiles and size range
| Product | Typical size range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Round bar | about 6 – 250 mm diameter | Machining stock for pins, links, fittings |
| Rectangular and square bar | about 6 mm thick up to 150 mm; widths to about 300 mm | Machined fittings and blocks |
| Hexagon bar | about 6 – 75 mm across flats | Nuts, couplings, screw-machine parts |
| Angles, tees, zees, channels | Legs from about 20 to 150 mm, walls from about 2 mm | Stiffeners, frames, brackets |
| Extruded tube | Thick-walled, ODs to about 250 mm | See the 2014 tube page for drawn tube |
| Custom profiles | To customer drawing, subject to die and press review | Solid shapes preferred |
Standard lengths are 3 – 6 m, with cut lengths available. Dimensional tolerances follow ANSI H35.2 for ASTM and AMS orders and EN 755-9 for profiles on EN orders.
Testing and inspection
- Tensile tests per lot, taken from the section as the specification requires
- Conductivity and hardness checks to confirm heat treatment
- Ultrasonic inspection of bar to AMS-STD-2154 or ASTM B594 when specified
- Dimensional checks of profile, twist, straightness and flatness
- EN 10204 3.1 certification with chemistry and mechanical results
Machining, joining and finishing
Machining
Excellent in T6511: fast feeds, bright finish, small broken chips. Stretched tempers stay straight as material is removed.
Joining
Mechanical fasteners or adhesive bonding. Fusion welding is not recommended; friction-stir welding is possible with qualification.
Finishing
Sulphuric, boric-sulphuric or hard anodising, conversion coatings and aerospace primers. Protect every machined surface.
Forming
Limited in T6; form in O, T4 or freshly quenched condition, then age.
Grain direction
Extrusions have best properties along the length. Check transverse properties for fittings loaded across the section.
Service temperature
Keep long-term service below about 120 – 150 °C to avoid over-ageing.
Aerospace uses of 2014 extrusions
- Machined fittings and brackets cut from extruded rectangular bar
- Links, rods and push-pull controls from round bar
- Frame stiffeners and floor-beam fittings from angles and tees
- Seat-track and cargo-system parts where high strength is needed
- Missile and launcher hardware machined from heavy bar
- Ground-support equipment and test rigs
2014 extrusions compared with 2024 and 7075
| Property | 2014-T6511 | 2024-T3511 | 7075-T6511 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical tensile strength | ~483 MPa | ~483 MPa | ~572 MPa |
| Typical yield strength | ~414 MPa | ~345 – 360 MPa | ~503 MPa |
| Fatigue performance | Fair | Very good | Fair |
| Stress-corrosion resistance | Low | Low–moderate | Low (T6); high in T73511 |
| Machinability | Excellent | Good | Excellent |
How to order 2014 extrusions
- SpecifyAlloy (2014 or 2014A), temper, profile drawing or bar size, length and quantity.
- Name the standardAMS 4153, AMS-QQ-A-200/2, ASTM B221, EN 755 or your customer specification, with any ultrasonic class.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerance, test scope, certification and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your port or site.
- Process and inspectSections are cut to length, inspected for dimensions and straightness, and marked for traceability.
- Document and shipEach lot ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate traceable to the heat and lot, plus a packing list. Material is packed in seaworthy wooden cases with moisture protection; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
References and standards
- ASTM B221 – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles and Tubes
- SAE AMS 4153 – Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 2014-T6510 / T6511
- EN 755-2 – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles: mechanical properties
- The Aluminum Association – Aluminum Standards and Data
2014 aerospace aluminium (aluminum) extrusions: FAQ
What is the difference between T6510 and T6511?
Both are solution treated, stretched and aged. T6510 receives no straightening after stretching; T6511 may be lightly straightened to meet straightness tolerances. Mechanical properties are the same.
Why do minimum properties of 2014 extrusions rise with thickness?
Thicker extrusions keep a fibrous, unrecrystallised core with higher strength along the extrusion direction. ASTM B221 therefore lists higher minimums for sections of 12.5 mm and above.
Can complex hollow profiles be made in 2014?
They are difficult. 2014 is a hard alloy to extrude, so solid shapes and thick-walled tube are preferred. For thin hollow profiles, consider 6061 or 6082 if the strength allows.
Is 2014 extrusion suitable for welding?
No, not by fusion welding for structural parts. Use mechanical fastening or bonding.
Which is stronger: 2014-T6511 or 2024-T3511?
Tensile strength is similar, but 2014-T6511 has higher yield strength. 2024 is better in fatigue and is preferred for tension members.
Looking for 2014 extruded bar or profiles?
Send the section, temper, specification and quantity. We will confirm availability, testing and delivery.
