T651 plate
Solution heat-treated, stretched 1.5 – 3 % and artificially aged. The standard temper for machined plate parts; stretching removes quench stresses and keeps parts flat.
High-strength Al-Cu plate
2014 Aluminium Sheet & Plate
2014 is a heat-treatable aluminium-copper alloy that reaches about 480 MPa tensile strength in the T6 and T651 tempers, making it one of the strongest 2xxx grades in plate form. Metline supplies 2014 and the European 2014A as bare or clad sheet and stretched plate, certified to ASTM, AMS and EN standards, to customers worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2014 (Al-Cu-Si-Mn-Mg)
- Tempers
- O, T4, T451, T6, T651
- Typical strength
- 483 MPa tensile (T6)
- Standards
- ASTM B209 · AMS 4029 · EN 485
What is 2014 aluminium plate?
2014 contains about 4.4 % copper plus silicon, manganese and magnesium. The higher silicon content distinguishes it from 2024: it allows 2014 to respond strongly to artificial ageing, so the T6 temper reaches higher yield strength than 2024-T3, though with lower fatigue resistance and toughness.
The alloy was developed for aircraft structures and heavy-duty forgings and remains common where high static strength and good machinability are needed in thick sections. Typical plate parts include aircraft fittings and frames, truck and trailer components under high load, hydraulic and pneumatic blocks, military equipment and tooling.
Two things limit where 2014 is used. First, copper lowers corrosion resistance, so unprotected 2014 should be anodised, painted or ordered as Alclad (clad with a thin layer of pure aluminium alloy) for exposed service. Second, fusion welding is difficult; 2014 parts are normally machined from solid and joined mechanically.
2014 and 2014A chemical composition (wt %)
2014 is the Aluminum Association grade; 2014A is the European variant with tighter silicon and iron limits and a nickel limit. Both are supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate showing the cast analysis.
| Element | 2014 (AA / ASTM) | 2014A (EN 573-3) |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 – 1.2 | 0.50 – 0.9 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.7 | ≤ 0.50 |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.9 – 5.0 | 3.9 – 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 – 1.2 | 0.40 – 1.2 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.20 – 0.8 | 0.20 – 0.8 |
| Chromium (Cr) | ≤ 0.10 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Nickel (Ni) | — | ≤ 0.10 |
| Zinc (Zn) | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.25 |
| Titanium (Ti) | ≤ 0.15 | ≤ 0.15 (Ti + Zr ≤ 0.20) |
| Others, each / total | 0.05 / 0.15 | 0.05 / 0.15 |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder | Remainder |
Mechanical and physical properties of 2014
Typical values are from published Aluminum Association / ASM data. Guaranteed minimums fall with increasing plate thickness and are listed in ASTM B209, AMS 4029 or EN 485-2; your certificate shows the tested values.
| Temper | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Brinell hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-O | 186 MPa / 27 ksi | 97 MPa / 14 ksi | 18 % | 45 HB |
| 2014-T4 / T451 | 427 MPa / 62 ksi | 290 MPa / 42 ksi | 20 % | 105 HB |
| 2014-T6 / T651 | 483 MPa / 70 ksi | 414 MPa / 60 ksi | 13 % | 135 HB |
| Alclad 2014-T6 sheet | 469 MPa / 68 ksi | 414 MPa / 60 ksi | 10 % | — |
Physical properties (T6, typical)
- Density
- 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³)
- Modulus of elasticity
- 72.4 GPa (10,500 ksi)
- Shear strength
- 290 MPa (42 ksi)
- Fatigue strength (5×10⁸ cycles)
- 124 MPa (18 ksi)
- Thermal conductivity
- about 154 W/m·K
- Electrical conductivity
- about 40 % IACS
- Melting range
- about 507 – 638 °C
2014 tempers explained
T6 sheet
Same heat treatment without stretching, used for thinner sheet. Highest strength, lowest formability.
T4 / T451
Naturally aged. Lower yield, higher elongation and better toughness; can be formed and then aged to T6.
O (annealed)
Softest condition for forming; must be fully heat-treated afterwards to regain strength.
Alclad 2014
Sheet clad on both sides with a thin aluminium layer that protects the core electrochemically. Choose it for exposed skins and panels.
T652 / forgings
2014 is also a major forging alloy; for complex shapes see our forging range rather than machining from plate.
2014 standards and international equivalents
| System | Designation | Sheet and plate standard |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Association / ASTM | 2014, Alclad 2014 | ASTM B209 |
| Aerospace (SAE) | 2014-T6 sheet, -T651 plate | AMS 4029; AMS-QQ-A-250/3 (historic federal basis) |
| UNS | A92014 | — |
| European (EN) | EN AW-2014 / 2014A (AlCu4SiMg) | EN 485-2, EN 573-3; EN 2000-series aerospace standards |
| German Werkstoff | 3.1255 | DIN EN 485 |
| ISO | AlCu4SiMg | ISO 6361 |
| Japan (JIS) | A2014P | JIS H4000 |
| China (GB) | 2014 / 2A14 (close) | GB/T 3880, GB/T 3190 |
AMS 4029 covers 2014-T6 sheet and T651 plate from 0.51 to 101.6 mm thick. Close national equivalents differ in detail; confirm which specification governs before ordering.
2014 sheet and plate sizes and weights
Supply range
- Thickness
- Sheet 0.5 – 6 mm (bare or Alclad); plate 6 – 150 mm
- Width
- 1000 – 1520 mm standard; wider on mill order
- Length
- 2000 – 4000 mm, or cut-to-size blanks
- Inspection
- Ultrasonic testing to AMS-STD-2154 for thick aerospace plate on request
- Processing
- Saw cutting, CNC profiling and milling to drawing
2014 is a little denser than most aluminium alloys at 2.80 g/cm³, so it weighs 2.80 kg per m² per millimetre:
| Thickness (mm) | kg per m² | 1220 × 2440 mm (kg) | 1500 × 3000 mm (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.80 | 8.3 | 12.6 |
| 2 | 5.60 | 16.7 | 25.2 |
| 3 | 8.40 | 25.0 | 37.8 |
| 4 | 11.2 | 33.3 | 50.4 |
| 5 | 14.0 | 41.7 | 63.0 |
| 6 | 16.8 | 50.0 | 75.6 |
| 8 | 22.4 | 66.7 | 100.8 |
| 10 | 28.0 | 83.4 | 126.0 |
| 12 | 33.6 | 100.0 | 151.2 |
| 16 | 44.8 | 133.4 | 201.6 |
| 20 | 56.0 | 166.7 | 252.0 |
| 25 | 70.0 | 208.4 | 315.0 |
| 30 | 84.0 | 250.1 | 378.0 |
| 40 | 112.0 | 333.4 | 504.0 |
| 50 | 140.0 | 416.8 | 630.0 |
| 60 | 168.0 | 500.1 | 756.0 |
| 80 | 224.0 | 666.8 | 1008.0 |
| 100 | 280.0 | 833.5 | 1260.0 |
Machining, joining and corrosion protection
Machining
Very good in T6/T651: short chips and a bright finish with carbide tooling. T4 is gummier. Leave stock on both faces when removing large volumes from one side.
Welding
Not recommended for fusion welding in structural parts because of hot cracking and loss of strength. Resistance spot welding and friction-stir welding are possible; mechanical fastening is the normal route.
Forming
Form in O or freshly quenched (W) condition, then age. Bending T6 needs large radii and risks cracking.
Corrosion
Lower resistance than 5xxx or 6xxx alloys and susceptible to intergranular and stress-corrosion attack in some tempers. Protect by anodising, chromate-free conversion coatings, primers or by specifying Alclad sheet.
Applications of 2014 plate
- Aerospace: fittings, frames, bulkhead parts and landing-gear components machined from plate
- Transport: heavily loaded truck frames, suspension and trailer components
- Hydraulics: manifold and valve blocks where strength and machinability matter
- Defence: structural parts for equipment and vehicles
- Tooling and fixtures: jigs and dies needing more hardness than 6061
Compared with 2024, choose 2014-T651 when static strength and machinability matter most; choose 2024-T351 when fatigue and damage tolerance govern. Compared with 7075-T651, 2014 is weaker but holds strength better at moderately elevated temperatures.
How to order 2014 plate
- SpecifyAlloy (2014 or 2014A, bare or Alclad), temper, thickness, size or drawing, quantity and the governing specification (ASTM B209, AMS 4029, EN 485 or an aerospace EN standard), plus any ultrasonic class.
- QuoteWe confirm availability, tolerances, certification, packing and delivery terms (EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP) for your destination.
- ProcessPlates are sawn to size, inspected for dimensions and surface, and ultrasonically tested where specified.
- DocumentEach delivery carries a mill test certificate to EN 10204 3.1 with the cast analysis and mechanical results for the lot; third-party inspection can be arranged on request.
- ShipSheets are interleaved or film-protected, packed on pallets or in seaworthy wooden cases, and shipped by sea or air to your port or door.
References and standards
- ASTM B209 – Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
- SAE AMS 4029 – Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate (2014; -T6 Sheet, -T651 Plate)
- EN 573-3 – Aluminium and aluminium alloys: chemical composition and form of wrought products
- EN 485-2 – Aluminium and aluminium alloys: sheet, strip and plate, mechanical properties
- ASM Handbook, Volume 2 – Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
2014 aluminium (aluminum) plate: frequently asked questions
Is 2014 stronger than 2024?
In the T6/T651 temper 2014 has higher yield strength (about 414 MPa typical) than 2024-T3 or T351 (about 324 – 345 MPa). 2024 has better fatigue resistance and fracture toughness, which is why it dominates fatigue-critical airframe skins.
What is the difference between 2014 and 2014A?
2014A is the European grade with tighter limits on silicon and iron and a nickel limit; the mechanical properties are effectively the same. Many buyers accept either, but check your drawing.
Can 2014 aluminium be welded?
Fusion welding is not recommended for structural parts because of hot cracking and strength loss. Friction-stir and resistance welding are possible; most 2014 parts are machined and bolted or riveted.
Does 2014 need corrosion protection?
Yes, for most exposed service. Use anodising, conversion coating and paint, or specify Alclad 2014 sheet.
What does AMS 4029 cover?
2014-T6 sheet and 2014-T651 plate, solution and precipitation heat-treated, in thicknesses from 0.020 to 4.00 in (0.51 – 101.6 mm).
Can you cut 2014 plate to size?
Yes. We saw-cut and profile 2014 plate to your dimensions and supply it with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
Need 2014 or 2014A plate?
Send the temper, size, quantity and specification. We will confirm availability, certification and a delivered price.
