T6
Solution heat-treated, quenched and artificially aged. The standard delivery temper under AMS 4130.
Aerospace forging alloy
2025 Aerospace Aluminium Forgings
2025 is a copper-silicon-manganese forging alloy, specified mainly as 2025-T6 die forgings under AMS 4130. It forges readily into complex shapes and offers moderate strength with good ductility, which made it the classic material for propeller blades and remains useful for intricate aircraft fittings. Metline supplies 2025 forgings and forging stock to drawing, with mill and test certification, to customers worldwide.
- Alloy
- 2025 (Al-Cu-Si-Mn)
- Main temper
- T6
- Forms
- Die and hand forgings, forging stock
- Standards
- AMS 4130 · ASTM B247
What is 2025 aluminium?
2025 is one of the older 2xxx wrought alloys, developed specifically for forging. Its chemistry, about 4.4 % copper, 0.85 % silicon and 0.8 % manganese, gives good metal flow in the die and a strong response to solution treatment and artificial ageing.
Compared with 2014, the other copper-silicon forging alloy, 2025 contains almost no magnesium. That lowers its peak strength but improves forgeability and ductility, so it fills thin ribs and deep cavities with less risk of laps and cracks. The alloy was widely used for aircraft propeller blades and is still found in propeller hubs, fittings and other complex, moderately stressed parts.
For new designs, many engineers now choose 2014-T6, 7050-T74 or 6061-T6 depending on strength and corrosion needs. 2025 remains relevant for legacy part numbers, spares and repairs where the drawing calls for AMS 4130, and for parts whose shape benefits from its forgeability.
2025 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits below are the registered values for alloy 2025. The AMS 4130 title gives the nominal composition as 4.4 Cu, 0.85 Si and 0.80 Mn.
| Element | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 | 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe) | — | 1.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 | 1.2 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | — | 0.05 |
| Chromium (Cr) | — | 0.10 |
| Zinc (Zn) | — | 0.25 |
| Titanium (Ti) | — | 0.15 |
| Others, each / total | — | 0.05 / 0.15 |
| Aluminium (Al) | Remainder |
The values on some supplier sheets, including a magnesium allowance of 0.2 % and a tensile strength of 480 MPa or more, describe 2014 rather than 2025. Check the alloy before comparing data.
Typical properties of 2025-T6
The figures below are typical handbook values for 2025-T6. Specified minimums in AMS 4130 and ASTM B247 are lower and depend on section thickness and the direction of test relative to grain flow.
| Property | Typical value (T6) |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 400 MPa (58 ksi) |
| Yield strength (0.2 %) | 255 MPa (37 ksi) |
| Elongation | About 19 % |
| Brinell hardness | About 110 HB |
| Shear strength | About 240 MPa |
| Fatigue strength (5×10⁸ cycles) | About 125 MPa |
Physical properties
- Density
- 2.81 g/cm³
- Modulus of elasticity
- About 72 GPa
- Thermal conductivity (T6)
- About 155 W/m·K
- Electrical conductivity (T6)
- About 40 % IACS
- Thermal expansion
- About 22.7 µm/m·°C (20 – 100 °C)
- Melting range
- About 520 – 640 °C
Tempers and heat treatment
T4
Solution treated and naturally aged. Lower strength, higher ductility; sometimes used as an intermediate condition before forming or straightening.
O / F
Annealed or as-forged. Supplied when the user will heat treat after machining or further forging.
Process control
Heat treatment of aerospace forgings follows AMS 2772 and pyrometry rules such as AMS 2750. Quench delay and quench medium affect both strength and residual stress.
Some legacy documents list T3 and T8 tempers for 2025. Those designations relate to cold-worked products and are not normal for forgings; confirm the intended condition before ordering.
Specifications for 2025 forgings
| Document | Scope |
|---|---|
| SAE AMS 4130 | Aluminium alloy die forgings, 4.4Cu-0.85Si-0.80Mn (2025-T6) |
| ASTM B247 | Aluminium alloy die forgings, hand forgings and rolled ring forgings; lists 2025-T6 |
| AMS 2772 | Heat treatment of aluminium alloy raw materials |
| SAE ARP 823 | Practices to minimise stress-corrosion cracking in aluminium forgings |
| UNS | A92025 |
Forms, inspection and documentation
What we can supply
- Die forgings
- Close-to-shape parts to your forging drawing
- Hand (open-die) forgings
- Blocks, discs and bars for machining
- Forging stock
- Extruded or cast and homogenised stock for your own forging operation
- Machining
- Rough or finish machining on request
- Inspection
- Dimensional, hardness and conductivity checks; ultrasonic inspection to AMS-STD-2154 or ASTM B594 where specified
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 certificate with chemistry, mechanical tests and heat-treatment records
Grain flow is the main advantage of a forging over a part machined from plate. If fatigue or stress corrosion matters, mark the critical areas on the drawing so the forging can be designed with flow lines following the contour, and specify where test coupons are taken.
Where 2025 forgings are used
- Propeller blades and hubs for piston and turboprop aircraft
- Complex brackets, fittings and levers with thin ribs
- Legacy airframe and engine-accessory parts called up on AMS 4130
- Spares and repair parts for older aircraft types
| Property | 2025-T6 | 2014-T6 | 6061-T6 | 7075-T73 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical tensile strength | 400 MPa | 485 MPa | 310 MPa | 505 MPa |
| Typical elongation | 19 % | 13 % | 12 – 17 % | 13 % |
| Forgeability | Excellent | Good | Excellent | Fair |
| Corrosion resistance | Fair | Fair | Good | Good |
How to order 2025 forgings
- SpecifyForging or part drawing, alloy and temper (2025-T6), specification (AMS 4130 or ASTM B247), quantity, test coupon locations and inspection class.
- Confirm the specificationWe check the order against the governing AMS, ASTM or EN document, confirm tempers, sizes, tolerances and any customer flow-down clauses, and quote on EXW, FOB, CIF or DAP terms.
- ProcessForgings are heat treated, inspected and, if ordered, machined, then marked for traceability.
- DocumentEach lot ships with a mill test certificate to EN 10204 3.1 showing heat or lot number, chemical analysis and mechanical test results, plus any ultrasonic or other inspection reports called for on the order.
- Pack and shipMaterial is protected against moisture and handling damage, packed in seaworthy cases or on pallets, marked for traceability and shipped by sea or air.
References and standards
- SAE AMS 4130 – Aluminum Alloy Forgings 4.4Cu-0.85Si-0.80Mn (2025-T6)
- ASTM B247 – Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings
- SAE AMS 2772 – Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials
- The Aluminum Association – International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits
2025 aerospace aluminium (aluminum) forgings: FAQ
What is 2025-T6 aluminium used for?
Mainly complex die forgings for aircraft, historically propeller blades and hubs, and today mostly legacy fittings and spares called up on AMS 4130.
How strong is 2025-T6?
Typical tensile strength is about 400 MPa and yield about 255 MPa, with roughly 19 % elongation. Design to the minimums in AMS 4130 or ASTM B247.
What is the difference between 2025 and 2014?
2014 adds about 0.5 % magnesium, which raises T6 strength to around 485 MPa. 2025 has almost no magnesium, giving lower strength but better forgeability and ductility.
Is 2025 corrosion resistant?
Like other copper-bearing alloys it needs protection. Anodise or conversion coat and prime, and follow ARP 823 guidance to limit stress-corrosion risk.
Can you supply 2025 forging stock rather than forgings?
Yes. Forging stock can be supplied for customers who forge in-house, certified for chemistry and condition.
Need 2025 aerospace forgings?
Send the drawing, specification and quantity. We will confirm supply route, inspection and certification.
